Assignment #2
Assignment 2: Read pages 9-18
Two part Assignment
Part A: Analyze the reasons that the Europeans began to look outward and explore in the 14th to 18th centuries.
Part B: Describe the key features of the empire that the Spanish built in the Americas. These features would include governance, social structure and economic development.
Due: Post on the Blog by Friday July 31, 2015 at 10 p.m.
A) Exploration for the Europeans began in about the 15th century. A growing population in Europe caused people to began looking for more land. This led to other effects, including more expensive land, increased prosperity, and a desire for more trade with Asia. Likewise, more powerful leaders began to unite and centralize power in Europe. The monarchs of the governments wanted a way to increase the economic growth of their countries. This included finding a way to Asia that was faster and safer than traveling by land. By the 15th century, interest in sailing west to Asia peaked.
ReplyDeleteB) The empire the Spanish built in the Americas was, for the most part, independent of the throne until the 16th century. The citizens that did form the empire created governments, social structures, and economies. To start, the economies did not remain the same for all Spanish rule. Before the Spanish government intervened, things in the colonies were somewhat different. The conquistadores went to the Americas to get rich on gold, and did so. Later settlers wanted to create an agricultural economy that would last and be very successful. These same settlers also helped to develop a social structure that established pieces of European living. Contributing to the social structure was Catholicism. The pope of the time, Pope Innocent VIII, declared Catholicism the only religion of the New World. This led to the mission becoming the most common settlement in the 1600s, more than commercial and military settlements. As stated earlier, the Spanish government began asserting its power at about this time. As a result, colonists did not have the ability to create political systems of their own. With strict control of the colonies, the Spanish government exercised strict economic policies that contained regulated many aspects. Also, the government focused less on agriculture and more on surface wealth, like gold and silver. As opposed to the Europeans on the other side of the Americas, the Spanish ruled more Native Americans with a small ruling class. Pertaining to the social structure, the Spanish were able to convert many Native Americans to Christianity after Don Juan de Onate was removed from power. However, the Spanish did exploit the Native Americans in some parts. Eventually, both sides sustained a moderately successful relationship.
Part A:
ReplyDeleteEuropeans mainly began to look outward and explore in the 14th to the 18th centuries due to a combination of disease, specifically the later results diseases, and the desire to expand in wealth. After the black plague, the population eventually recovered leading to commerce, or trade. As well as a rise in land values. All of this meant landlords had more money to spend, which led to the creation of a merchant class to meet those desires. Advances in shipbuilding aided the new increase in trading, all ending in an increase in the interest of developing new markets with new products and easier ways to reach those markets and products. Another cause would have been the formations of new, strong monarchs were arising with centralized nation states. This meant new kings and queens wanted their nations to grow commercially, which meant further exploration, specifically in Asia.
Part B:
The empire the Spanish built in the Americas changed over the years. In the beginning it was mostly Conquistadors who brutally enslaved and exterminated the Natives, which they were able to do with the help of smallpox. It seemed, their social reasons for this would be both that they believed the Natives were savages and not fully human. The other reason and motivator, would simply be greed. The powerful Aztecs and Incas posed a threat to the Conquistador’s financial success, therefore the Natives were practically exterminated. Their main goals economic wise were based on finding silver and gold, especially silver. The Conquistadors were not strictly governed by the monarchs of Spain. This mostly took place before the 1600s. However by the end of the 16th century the monarchy extended control over the Spanish empire in the Americas. The colonies set up by Spain after, had direct government from the monarchy.
The colonies also focused to some extent on silver and gold economically, however they put effort into agriculture, economically as well, unlike the conquistadors. Socially the colonist had an improved relationship with the Natives, however it was by no means perfect. However in the 1570s, the Ordinances of Discovery, banned the most brutal tactics. There was also an increase in missionaries to convert the Natives to Christianity which meant it was no longer an extermination plan, though this led to controversies of its own, due its attempts to erase tribal traditions and culture.
A)
ReplyDeleteThere were many reasons that the Europeans began to look outward and explore in the 14th to 18th centuries. The Black Death plague was one of the main causes. It killed over 1/3 of the population which weakened the already limited economy. Also, in the 15th century, there was a growth in the population, which called for the need of more land. During this time, landlords were becoming eager to purchase goods from places far away. A final reason for the expansion of Europeans in the 14th to 18th centuries, trade increased and people were developing new markets, finding new products, and opening new trade routes.
B)
The Spanish changed many key features of the empire in the Americas. An economic development was an agricultural economy. The first settlers were the Conquistadors. They were dependent on gold and silver to make them the wealthiest and most powerful nation on Earth. The next settlers went to America to create a good economy off of agriculture. They established elements of European civilization in America that changed both the landscape and the social structure forever. An example of social structure change was Catholicism. Pope Innocent VIII signed a treaty with Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain in 1486, that Catholicism would be the only religion of the new territories. The people in these territories were becoming highly religious in character. Missions were converting natives to Catholicism as well. Finally, an example of governance was the monarchy. By the end of the 16th century, the monarchy had extended its authority directly into the governance of local communities. The colonists didn't have the chances to be independent of the monarchy, which made things worse.
Part A: In the 14th to 18th centuries the European’s began to look outward and explore. One reason for this was the growth in the population which led to the need for more land. The population growth also led to a rise in land values, a reawakening of commerce, and an increase in prosperity. Because of this prosperity, people were able and eager to buy goods from distant regions, especially from Asia. A new merchant class emerged to meet this demand. Advances in navigation and shipbuilding made long distance sea travel and exploration more feasible. Another reason the European’s began to look outward and explore was the rise of new governments. Monarchs created centralized nation-states that were more united and powerful than previous governments. In these centralized nation-states, monarchs created a national tax system. Because of the tax system, kings and queens could finance voyages of exploration to increase their wealth and the commercial growth of their nations.
ReplyDeletePart B: The key features of the empire that the Spanish built in the Americas varied throughout the centuries. Initially the conquistadors were mostly independent of the monarchy. They had individual rulers with little involvement from their government in Spain. By the end of the 16th century, the monarchy extended its power and ruled directly over its colonial empire. Catholicism played an important role in the social structure. Pope Innocent VIII signed a treaty that made Catholicism the only religion allowed in the New World. Because of this, missions were the most common type of settlement. The natives were also a part of the social structure since the missions were used to convert them to Catholicism. The economic development of the empire was very little during the time of conquistadors. The goal of the conquistadors was to get rich, which they did by finding gold and silver. The mines in Spanish America provided more than ten times the gold and silver than the rest of the world’s mines combined. Later settlers tried to create an agricultural economy and establish elements of a European civilization. The Spanish government stifled the economy with rigid and restrictive regulations. These regulations required all trade to go through one Spanish port and only a few colonial ports, in fleets that made only two trips a year.
Part A: There are many reasons as to why the European nations decided to expand and explore their nations from the 14th to 18th centuries. One of these reasons would be the ever expanding population of the European nations. Since the populations had grown so large land had become expensive, so acquiring new territories would allow for more room for people and an increase in space. A second reason would be an increased interest in trade and markets. Obtaining new land would allow a nation to create new markets and new products, along with creating easier and quicker ways to already established markets. Another reason would be the improvement in technology, such as ships for travel. A final reason would be that the European monarchs wanted to expand and grow their nations. After many diseases spreading in Europe, such as the Black Plaque, the economy had gone down so establishing new territory would help the economies and nations grow. In conclusion there are many reasons for the nations to explore and expand.
ReplyDeletePart 2: The Spanish Empire had many key characteristics that made it what it was throughout time. In the beginning of the Spanish Empire the main explorers were Conquistadors. These Conquistadors brutally enslaved and killed the natives of the Americas. The Conquistadors brought diseases, such as smallpox, and believed that the natives were savages and were not seen as fully human. Conquistadors wanted to find silver and gold, but mainly silver due to its value. In the 16th century, Conquistadors were not strictly governed by the Spanish monarchy until the end of the century when the monarchs expanded their control to create colonies. Also in the 1570s the Ordinance of Discovery banned brutal tactics of the natives. The colonies focused on agriculture along with their search for silver and gold. They also improved relations with the natives at the time, although it was improved relations still were not great. Missionaries flocked to the new land to convert natives to Christianity instead of exterminating them.
Part A: There were many factors why Europeans started to look outward after the 14th century. One was the Black Death, which killed thousands. Trade was primarily closed throughout Europe because nobody wanted the plague to spread more. Once it ended, and the population sprouted, trade opened back up. Another reason was the will to develop new markets. The wealthy wanted to become wealthier. Trading with Asia was a top priority for the monarchs. With this new trading opportunity came explorers like, Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan. Columbus was the one who thought of going west to Asia instead east, because no European knew about the continents to the west.
ReplyDeletePart B: The key features of the Spanish empire included the conquistadores, the Spanish settlers, missions, outposts, and the monarchies. Quickly spread diseases lead to the conquistadores dominating the natives. Their one and only interest was wealth. They achieved this objective by mining gold and silver. The difference between the conquistadores and the Spanish settlers was that the settlers wanted to create an agricultural economy. Their goal was to bring civilization to the new homeland. Spain made sure that only Catholicism would be spread and practiced. Missionaries were sent throughout South and Central America to convert natives to the religion and spread their beliefs. Outposts were established to provide settlements for the Spanish population as well as trying to provide peace with the Indians. Resistance was shown but soon alliances were made between some Spaniards and natives. Monarchies governed their local communities directly. As said in the text, "ruled their empires, but did not people it." This shows that colonists didn't have freedom from the crown.
Part A) There were many reasons that the Europeans began to look outward and explore between the 14th and 18th centuries. After the Black Death in Europe that killed over 1/3 of its population, the population had grown significantly, and they looked to expand. When the population increased, so didn’t the peoples land values and desire for prosperity. They became very interested in expanding their markets and finding new products. Another reason was a rise in new governments within Europe. A result from the previous weak authority from the pope was the new stronger monarchies. As the Kings and Queens gained more power, they became eager to grow and expand their nations.
ReplyDeletePart B) The Spanish Empires that were built in the Americas and their key features changed as different people came to the Americas. The first group of people to come to the Americas was the Conquistadors. They had one single reason for coming to the Americas, and that was for their wealth. They came in hopes to find gold and silver. They also thought very badly of the Natives, and attempted to brutally enslave them. When they exposed the Natives to smallpox, their population decreased, and the Conquistadors had their chance at conquest. The next wave of Spanish explorers began coming around during the 1570s, and brought with them the Ordinances of Discovery. This banned most brutal military conquests, and from this point expanded through colonization. These people came to create a successful agricultural economy. Instead of destroying things like the conquistadors, these explorers built things in the Americas the benefited its landscape and social structure. Another important piece for this group was the Catholic Church. A treaty was signed in 1486 that Catholicism would be the only religion of all the new territories. Missions spent their time converting the Natives to Catholicism. These groups were under the rule of monarchies, but over time the monarchy began to take more power and control the local communities.
Part A: Europeans began to look outward and explore in the 14th to 18th centuries for many reasons. One of these reasons was the increase of population. This led to the need of more land but it also led to a rise in land values, an awakening of commerce, and increased prosperity. This, along with advances in technology, increased for the desire of new markets. The rise of new governments also played a major role in a greater desire for exploration. New monarchies looked to increase the commercial growth of their nations.
ReplyDeletePart B: There were many key features of the empire that the Spanish built in the Americas. One of the key features was that the Spanish increased their presence in the Americas through colonization. The Spanish made colonies and some colonies had different goals than others. Some, the conquistadors, looked to gain riches through gold and silver. Others began to trade with the Pueblos and herded sheep and cattle to prosper economically. All of the Spanish undermined the natives though. The Spanish on many occasions forced the local indians to do labor or to provide them tribute. Missionaries played a large role in the Spanish colonies and were often at the top of social status and priority.
Part A: In the 14th-18th centuries there were many reasons that the Europeans began to explore and look outward. For example, they were on a quest to develop new markets. They also looked forward to new lands. This was because of the major increase in population of the Europeans peoples. The Black Death was also a cause for their strive to explore. It worsened the already limited economy. The Europeans also wanted to find a safer and faster sea route to Asia. The monarchs had a goal of trading with Asia. People such as Prince Henry dreamed of establishing a Christian empire. As you can see, there are many reasons that the Europeans wanted to explore and expand.
ReplyDeletePart B: There were many key features of the Spanish empire built in the Americas. The religion in the Spanish empires were Catholic. Their main goal was to convert the natives to Catholicism. Wealth was one of their major interests. They believed this would be achieved from agricultural economy. Collecting gold and silver was also a major intake from the American colonies. Local communities had been governed directly by monarchies. To prevent pirate thieving, trade had been allowed in one Spanish port, and and only a few colonial ports. Military bases of the Spanish were placed for their protection. They were trying to provide a sort of peaceful relationship with the Indians. As you can see by the things stated above, there were many key features of the Spanish empire in the Americas.
Part A: In the 14th-18th centuries there were many reasons Europeans began to explore. For example, the population was growing in Europe. One big one was to have new markets. By this they were able to trade with Asia. The Black Death killed 1/3 of the population, by moving they were saving their lives by getting away from it. The Black Death worsened the weak economy. As you can see there were many reasons that Europeans explored.
ReplyDeletePart B: There were many key features of the empire the Spanish built in the Americas. The new settlements the Spanish had established was catholic. They had missions, which was to convert natives to Catholicism. The Spanish missions had military bases for protection (presidios). Other Spaniards went to America to spread Christianity. The Empire of the high tide was one of the biggest empires that the world has ever seen. From South America all the way to North America. They had collected gold and silver from their American colonies. Trade was aloud in one Spanish port and few colonial ports, to regulate pirates from stealing. Has you can see these were some reasons that Spaniards built an empire in the Americas.
Part A :
ReplyDeleteEuropeans began to look outward to expand in the 14th to 18th centuries. One reason for this was a significant increase in their population. This was a result of the rebound of the population after The Black Death bubonic plague killed over a third of their population. This increased supply in population led to an increased demand of the people for new prosperity, lands, and goods. Another reason for this was the rise of new governments in Europe. These strong new monarchies were much more united and powerful than the distant pope and Holy Roman Emperor governments. The rulers of these governments looked to expand so that they could boost up their kingdom's economy. Interest in shipbuilding and sailing peaked at this time.
Part B :
Spain built a large empire in the Americas. They first settlers were the Conquistadors. They came with hopes of getting rich through mining gold and silver. They were a very brutal people. They looked at the natives as lesser peoples and tried to enslave them through force. They ended up bringing smallpox to the natives and killing some of their population. The Conquistadors believed in military conquests. The Spanish empire had new rulers in the 1570s. These peoples were much less brutal than the Conquistadors. They practiced Catholicism. They did not believe in military uptake, and even banned military conquests. They created a strong economy that was based on agriculture. They began to civilize the land and build up their empire. Catholicism became the only legal religion to practice in this empire when the Pope signed a treaty in 1846 outlawing all others. The main form of settlement for this empire was religious missions. The monarchies of the empire completely ruled any settlement colonies. These colonies did not have much political freedom.
A) In the 14th through 18th centuries there many factors leading to outward expansion. For starters was there was a significant growth in the population after the Black Death and a renewed interest in developing new markets with new products. This lead to Europeans looking to the east. They wanted to find new trade routes that were faster leading to Asia but instead they found the Americas where they found new products and markets. Lastly was the monarchies began to consolidate their power and increase their wealth. This made them eager to enhance and expand the commercial growth of their nation.
ReplyDeleteB) There were many key features in the Spanish empire built in the Americas. The first of these was that the control of the land was given to those who controlled the labor. This was very different from English rule. Secondly was that the government did not help the colonizers at all. They had to equip and finance their expedition on their own and assume full risk of their loss and ruin. Next was the treaty the Pope signed with the Spanish. It said that all of the new land would be Catholic. This resulted in the most common settlement being a mission whose primary purpose was to convert the natives to Catholicicm. Some natives did convert while others held their religions strong. Lastly, which differed from English rule, the Spanish ruled their empire but did not people it. This means that while they ruled over their lands they did not look to increase the population. These were key features of the Spanish empire established in the Americas.
Part A: The Europeans began to look outward for expansion in the 14th through 18th centuries. The first reason for this would be population growth in the fifteenth century. In 1347, the Black Death broke out and killed an estimated third of the population. Yet in the next century and a half the population had now gone back up to the numbers as before. The growing population led to a rise in land values and general prosperity. Landlords wanted to explore because it was a way to purchase goods and increase trade. A second reason is the ship building made an easier and faster way to Asia to have new products and trade routes. Lastly was the rise of new monarch and governments. This lead to the creation of centralized nation-states, national courts, armies, and a national taxing system. These are all reasons that the Europeans wanted to look outward for expansion.
ReplyDeletePart B: The Spanish empire had many key elements in the Americas, including social, economic, and governance developments. The social development was the missionaries spreading Catholicism into the new territories. Pope Innocent VIII signed a treaty in 1486 to Spain and bonded it by stating Catholicism is the single religion. The main purpose of the missions were to convert natives to Catholicism to have a strongly developed religious group. The economical development was not only the gold and other metals, but was in cattle, sheep, and farming. This began on ranchos in small Spanish towns. This economic development changed the landscape and the agricultural technologies. Lastly is the governmental development by the Spanish. The monarchy extended power into local communities causing the people to have less power. Therefore, the Spanish had set up many developmental features in the new American territories.
Part A: In the 15th century Europeans began to explore west word due to the increase of population, which has its own effects, such as higher priced land, higher prosperity, and a greater desire to trade with Asia. The Europeans where also looking for a faster and safer way to reach Asia.
ReplyDeletePart B: When the Spanish conquered the Americas they established a government(later on), social structures, and economies. For example the Spanish did not create governments until the Spanish throne stepped in in the 1600s. The social structures, The Pope Innocent VII declared that Catholicism was the primary religion of the new world, the Spanish sustained a successful relationship with the Indians. They also converted the Indians to Christianity after Don Juan de Onate was removed from power. The economy, The conquistadores at first focused on being rich and finding gold but later they shifted over to a more Agricultural economy. Therefore, the Spanish had to use these fundamentals to keep these territories a success.